1-Nanosciences at the frontiers with biology
The latest technological developments have opened the door to the physico-chemical study of biological interfaces (viruses, bacteria, mammalian cells) from the molecular level to the cellular level. Thus the border disciplines of chemistry, physics, biology and biophysics are increasingly popular.
These new scientific approaches are flourishing, such as their innovation in the understanding of biological processes (nanotoxicity, infection, adhesion, differentiation, etc.) but also in the design of materials and surfaces as well as nanostructured chemo-structured.
In addition the latest developments in imaging at small scales are a significant technical and technological progress to better understand and identify the structures and their implications in biochemical and biophysical phenomena but also interactions with surfaces and materials.
2-Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine
Nanoscience is the source of many advanced techniques and applications including in the areas of life sciences and materials sciences. In the field of materials, the latest technological developments have enabled the emergence of innovative materials that are found as biosensors design base, nanosensors and other nanomaterials whose opportunities are numerous in the field of health (nanobioelectronic, tools medical diagnostics, theragnostics, etc). It also notes that the involvement of nanotechnology to problems of medicine and health is causing a revolution in the biomedical field, including nanomedicine with the emergence of new disciplines such as nanobiomechanics and nanobiology (mechanics of cells, cancer, microbiology, virology, etc.).
3-Instrumentation and application tools
For nearly a decade, multiphysics and multiscale characterization of materials and biological object has become a major issue that contributes to the understanding and control of physical and chemical processes from the molecular scale to larger scales. These methodologies are proving to be an indispensable asset in-depth study of theories, predictive models, simulations and transposing the nanoscale to the macroscale.
In addition, the significant improvement of existing techniques such as electron microscopy and the emergence of new spectro-microscopy (imaging 2D / 3D, IR, Raman, etc.) and recent coupling between physico-chemical techniques offer more application access wide that will now material science to biomedical sciences and life. Furthermore, the appearance of many couplings (AFM-PALM, Electrochemical Raman Spectro-Microscopy) or commercial available devices (Hight Speed AFM, AFM-STED or NanoIR) allowed now new perspectives in terms of tools for sample characterization and to develop bioapplications for industry.
